Floating piston valves, which were developed by NASA, are unique among valves and worth learning about. In this article, we do a deep dive into floating piston valves, from what makes them special to where they are best used. Let's dive in!
Introduction to Floating Piston Valves
Floating piston valves have a number of special features and benefits due to their very unique construction. Designed with fewer parts, floating piston valves eliminate bulky external actuators or rising stems, using internal line pressure for actuation instead. And newer models of the floating piston are of higher quality, addressing pre-existing issues from previous designs.
What is a Floating Piston Valve
A floating piston valve has a solid piston pressed against a stationary, solid seat. The seat is suspended in a medium to control the flow stream and seal the valve. Whether the valve is open or closed, the floating pistons are specifically designed to remain balanced within a flow stream. Basically, the piston moves inside a chamber, guided by balanced fluid pressure. When a small pilot (solenoid) vents pressure from behind the piston, line pressure pushes the piston open. The solenoid pilot valves control the internal pressure chambers to move the piston automatically.
The left side shows the valve in the open position which allows fluids and gases to flow. In the closed position, the floating piston valve is hermetically sealed. Source: NASA
The floating piston is a simple valve, composed of only five parts, with its seals manufactured to be well-protected by design. The floating piston valve’s simple design makes it a durable option for high pressures, soft or metal seats, while increasing the valve’s reliability and seat life. By eliminating the actuator, the valve’s dependability and lifespan are greatly improved. Its structure is specifically manufactured to ensure that fluid pressures inside the valve will remain balanced, giving the floating piston valve an increased lifespan.
Applications of Floating Piston Valves
Floating piston valves have a wide variety of potential applications and are fairly versatile. Their simple design makes them reliable and easy to maintain, which has added to their popularity. Some applications of piston valves include:
- Power and Petrochemical Plants
- Chemical Processing
- Refineries
- Pressurizing Storage Tanks
- Cryogenic Fluid Systems
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
- Applications Requiring Severe Duty, Extremely High Pressures or Temperatures
- Applications Requiring Fast Actuation
Latest Models
Over the years, floating piston valves have been re-engineered to enhance the stability of the design. Newer models are compatible with soft or metallic seats with an adjustable closing force. And some of the newer floating piston valves are able to withstand pressures up to 15,000 psi.
Benefits of Choosing a Floating Piston Valve
- Simplicity of design reduces complexity of maintenance
- Elimination of external rising stems minimizes fugitive emissions and reduces overall envelope size
- It does not need many seals, so maintenance is greatly reduced while having an increased lifespan.
- Maintenance is also reduced due to fewer moving external parts and dynamic seals exposed to the atmosphere
- The path of flow is almost always symmetrical. That means there is a reduced chance of induced thrust loads both during transition from open to closed.
- No fugitive emissions
- Can withstand high pressures
Where to Purchase
For over 50 years, ValveMan has been the reliable place to purchase valves for all of your needs. ValveMan.com offers an extensive range of high-quality valves from some of the most respected manufacturers within the valve industry, including Apollo Valve, Bonomi Valve, and more. We offer exceptional service and expedited shipping on request to make shopping a breeze. Contact ValveMan.com today.
